Calormene religion

Calormene Paganism or Calormene Polytheism, also possibly (but disputedly) called Calormenism or Tashism, was the official religion of Calormen, an imperial country in the World of Narnia.

The Calormene faith was polytheistic, meaning the Calormenes worshipped multiple gods. The most well-known, powerful, and horrible of all was the god Tash who had a vulture-like head and four arms. Not only was Tash a higher power, but a living being as well, who participated in the Battle of Stable Hill.

Male Calormenes wore turbans. This may have been, but is not necessarily, due to these religious beliefs.

Trivia
It has been widely speculated that C. S. Lewis was comparing the Calormene religion to devout Islam (though its followers, Muslims, are monotheists, not polytheists); Lewis, though, had also praised aspects of Islam in some of his works and the name "Aslan" itself is from Arabic, which is spoken by many Muslims.