Tash

Tash was the demonic chief god of the national religion of Calormen, and was depicted as having many arms and bird-like. He was, in particular, the patron god of the ruling class - the Calormene capital was named Tashbaan, and the Tisrocs, Tarkaans and Tarkheenas, claimed to be descended from Tash. The worship of Tash was the only formal religion depicted in the World of Narnia. There were temples to Tash, Calormenes regularly used ritual phrases such as 'Tash the inexorable, the irresistible' and 'Tash preserve us', and he was the only being referred to by characters as a god.

Rather than being worshipped lovingly, like Aslan, Tash was clearly feared by his followers, and was regarded as cruel and monstrous. It was stated that he had his own country, as did Aslan. A murderous beast that matched the common description of the god Tash was present at the Battle of Stable Hill.

Worship and Belief
"They have a god called Tash. They say he has four arms and the head of a vulture. They kill men on his altar."

- A lamb, talking about Tash.

Tash was the chief god in the Calormene pantheon; two other Calormene gods, Azaroth and Zardeenah, Lady of the Night and Maidens, were minor deities. Ritual human sacrifice was apparently commonplace in the Temple of Tash. The name of Tash was frequently invoked in oaths and exclamations. Prince Rabadash, frustrated and maddened by defeat, tried to call on Tash to inflict vengeance on the Narnians and Aslan such as "lightning in the shape of scorpions". This resulted in nothing but mockery and pity from his captors, because Aslan, after repeatedly warning Rabadash to repent of his anger, turned him into a donkey. Aslan told Rabadash that since he had appealed to Tash, his transformation would be lifted when he visited the temple of Tash in Tashbaan. However, for the rest of his life Rabadash was not to go more than ten miles from the temple, or he would become a donkey again with no return.

Tashlan
By the twenty-sixth century, many Calormenes disbelieved Tash's existence. Together with Shift the scheming ape, Ginger the duplicitous cat and other treacherous Narnians, they concocted a story that Aslan and Tash were the same person, known as Tashlan. They disguised Puzzle the donkey in a lion's skin, and kept him in a stable. Many Narnians (and even some Calormenes) saw this as ridiculous, given Aslan's and Tash's antithetical natures, but were powerless to contradict the Calormene soldiers.

The Stable
The Calormenes placed a soldier with a sword in the stable where Tashlan was said to reside. Sending dissenters to "meet Tashlan" in Puzzle's stable was meant to be a way to secretly murder them.

Ginger discovered that Tash was not merely a mythological creature but a real-life monster contained inside the stable. After this horrendous encounter, Ginger was so terrified that he lost the power of speech, becoming a dumb animal.

When Shift was thrown in by King Tirian, Tash appeared, vulture-headed and vicious, and devoured him. After Tirian dragged Rishda into the stable, Tash seized Rishda and was then banished by the command of High King Peter and the name of Aslan.

Emeth
One Calormene soldier, Emeth, was so devout that he insisted on going in to meet Tash, and vanished into Aslan's Country. He expected Tash to smite unbelievers with heavenly fire so he went searching for Tash in Aslan's Country, but instead met Aslan. Aslan told Emeth "all the service thou hast done to Tash, I accept as service done to me" and further explained "no service which is vile can be done to me, and none which is not vile can be done to him." He told Emeth that his pious devotion was really to Aslan, rather than to Tash, although Emeth had not been aware of this, and Emeth found great happiness in this revelation.

Appearance
Tash appeared to be roughly humanoid, but much larger than a man, with four arms and the head of a vulture. His presence brought cold and the sickening stench of death. Narnians described him as a god or a demon.

Christian Relevance
It is suggested in the book that Tash is opposed to Aslan; by implication, he is Satan to Aslan's Christ-like representation. This is illustrated by the reactions of the main characters to his presence: they talk of smelling a foul smell and of the air growing cold when he passes near to them. However, Tash fits the image of a satanic character much less accurately that Lewis's other Satan figure, Jadis. It is much more likely that he is an amalgamtion of the various pagan deities which were worshipped in Biblical times such as Baal, Molech, Nisroch, and others. 'Tash' and 'Aslan' are respectively the Turkish words for 'stone' and 'lion'. The name Tash can also mean "disgrace" or "stain". Tash is depicted as a dark lord figure so this is accurate as dark lords in fiction are often described by fellow fantasy characters as "a stain on the land."

Tash's physical appearance may have been inspired by gods present in certain polytheistic religions. The bird head is reminiscent of the way some ancient Egyptian gods are represented, and the extra arms are a staple of several deities in Hinduism, for example.

It should be noted that those Calormenes who have done good in the name of Tash are rewarded after their death for having really honored Aslan; likewise those Narnians who do evil in Aslan's name are counted as having done that evil in the name of Tash. This illustrates Lewis' inclusivist belief that the idea of being worshiped and the honesty with which it is worshiped are more important than the name by which it is referred to. This is made clear in The Last Battle, where Emeth, an honest Calormene soldier enters "Aslan's Country". In fact, the Calormene capital city has an existence in Aslan's Country.